Its anancient chinese vehicle with a wooden figure always pointing to the south.
The system of nine-graded official ranks continued to be followed during the Jin Dynasty(265-420),a historical period in which people valued family status above all else. It finally terminated in the Sui Dynasty (581-618) when the imperial civil examination system was introduced.
An Emperor with a Literary Reputation
Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi were jointly called the “Three Caos”in history due to their literary achievements; and along with the “Seven Talented Writers”(Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Can, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Ying Yang, and Liu Zhen), they were all representative figures of the Literature of the Jian’ an Period lnoted for its vigorous and powerful style.
As a famous poet, Cao Pi composed a great number of poetical works, and some 40 have been handed down to this very day. Of them the Night Longings written in the form of the Han-styled folk songs was the earliest extant classical poem with seven characters to a line, and thus occupied an important place in the history of Chinese literature.
Cao Pi was also a renowned literary critic. His Classical Treatise on Literary Writing showed remarkable insight and put forward many originalideas.
In the fifth lunar month of 226, Cao Pi died of illness at age 39 in Luoyang. Before dying he secretly designated his eldest son Cao Rui as crown prince, and ordered his favorite concubines to leave the imperial palace for family reunion.
A Calligraphic Work of Night Longings Composed by cao Pi lJianan wasthe titleof thereign（190-220）ofEmperor xian，the 12th andlast monarch ofthe Eastern Han pynasty.
Sima Yan: Emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty Unifying the Country Again
Portrait of sima Yan (236-290)
sima Yan, with Anshi as his courtesy name, was the foundingemperor of the Western Jin pynasty. After destroying the wukingdom in 280, he established a unified empire once again in Chinese history. Unfortunately, he was then wallowing in sensual pleasures, and legend has it that he had kept more than ten thousand concubines in the imperial Sima Yan(236-290) of the Han nationality, styled Anshi, was a native of Wen County (the same-named county in present Henan Province). After his father Sima Zhao passed away in 265, he inherited the title of Prince of Jin. The following year he dethroned Emperor Yuan of the Wei Kingdom(named Cao Huan,246-302), proclaimed himself emperor, and established the Western Jin Dynasty (265-316).
He accomplished the country’s reunification in 280. Reigning for 26 years (265-290), he was reverently entitled Emperor Wu after death.
