rerritory of the Yuan Empire
3 min readThe following year, Temujin personally commanded a powerful army of 200,000 to march west.
After capturing Otrar, the Mongols massacred its inhabitants, and executed Inalchuq(uncle of Muhammad II) by pouring molten silver into his eyes and ears in retaliation. The Khwarezmian capital of Urgench fell in 1220; Muhammad II fled and soon died on an island in the Caspian Sea.
“picture of Shooting at wild ceese”(partial), color on silk, Painter Unknown, the Yuan pynasty An Unsuitable Death In 1226–one year after he returned from the west, Temujin went on a punitive expedition against the Western Xia that had rebelled when he battled with Khwarezm. Unfortunately, he died of illness in the next autumn in what’s now Qingshui County of Gansu Province at the foot of Mount Liupan; soon afterwards the Xia emperor surrendered. Following his testamentary edict, the Mongols had the entire Xia imperial family executed, thus putting a complete end to the Tangut state.
Yuan Dynasty coins with the Inscription of “Tong bao”In his dying words Temujin also told his sons to destroy the Kin Kingdom in alliance with the Southern Song. In 1234 the united Mongol-Song army seized Caizhou(present Runan County of Henan)and killed the last Kin emperor Wanyan Chenglin there.
A Yuan Dynasty Porcelain Jar Decorated with the Pattern of “children at Play,”Produced by the cizhou kiln The cizhou kiln was noted for its black and white porcelain ware. Its site was located in present cixian county of Hebei Province.
In 1271, Temujin’s grandson Kublai(1215-1294) officially established the Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368) and then decided on Dadu(present Beijing) as the capital. By 1279, he successfully crushed the last resistance of the Southern Song, thus bringing the whole China under his rule.
Portrait of Kublai Khan(1215-1294)
medhimeelf creathan in 196o He ncially establishea the yian pnastyin 1o71 and made Agrandson of Temujin, Kublai proclaimed himself Great Khan in 1260. He oficially established the Yuan pynasty in 1271, and made Dadu(present Beijing) the capital the next “Picture of steeds”(partial), color on Silk,186×106 cm, by Zhao Yong of the Yuan Dynasty Zhao Yong was a son of celebrated painter and calligrapher Zhao Mengfu(1254-1322). In this scroll of painting five unsaddled horses graze freely whilst the herdsman is dozing LuIGenghis means “oceanic”or “powerful”in Mongolian language.
An ancient kingdom located in the western part of central Asia including whats now Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and partial Afghanistan and Iran.
Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty: From a Buffalo Boy to the Emperor
Portrait of Zhu Yuanzhang(1328-1398)
Zhu Yuanzhang, usually referred to by his posthumous title Taizu, was the foundingemperor of the Ming Dynasty. In 1368, his army captured the Yuan capitalof Daduand successfully drove the Mongols back to the Mongolian steppes.
Zhu Yuanzhang(1328-1398) of the Han nationality was born into an impoverished family. During the last years of the Yuan Dynasty he led a peasant uprising that helped to force the Mongols to retreat northward to the Mongolian steppes, and established the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). With Hongwu as his reign title, he had occupied the throne for 3 1 years(1368-1398). He was called reverently Taizu after death.
