The Wall of the State of Zhongshan the Great Wall Built by a Small State
2 min readOn the battle field of the powerful ducal states contending for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods（722BC-221 BC），the State of Zhongshan was only a very small state，established by Baidixianyu.
It was situated between the States of Yan and Zhao（the area in the present-day Pingshan，Lingshou，Xingtang，Dingxian，Zhengding and Shijiazhuang，the south part of Hebei province）.
The State of Zhongshan abutted with the State of Yan in the east，and in the other three sides it was all surrounded by the State of Zhao.Its capital was originally in Gu（in the present-day Dingxian County in Hebei province），and laterwas moved to Lingshou，which was in the place about 10 kilometers away from the southwest the present-day Lingshou City in Hebei province.
The State of Zhongshan was established in 414 BC, and in order to protect itself, it built a long wall as fortifications in 369 BC. In Historical Records: the Account of Zhao there recorded:”In the 6th year(of King Cheng’s reign of Zhao), the State of Zhongshan built a long wall.”
This wall was used to defend against the invasion of the States of Zhao and Wei, and mainly for the former one.
According to the historical records, the position of the wall was around the border area of the present-day Hebei province and Shanxi province. It passed Huanshan Mountain and Taihang Mountain and went south by the passes of Daoma, Longquan and Niangzi, at last reaching the Dalingkou area of Mingshui Mountain in the south of Huangyangguan Pass in Xingtai, with a total length of more than 200 kilometers.
