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The Xia Dynasty

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Sima Qian’s account dates the founding of the Xia Dynasty to 4,000 years ago,but this date has not been confirmed.Some archaeologists connect the Xia to excavations at Erlitou in central Henan Province,where a bronze smelter from around 2000 BC was unearthed.Early markings from this period,found on pottery and shells,have been alleged to be ancestors ofmodern Chinese characters,but such claims are controversial.Proof of Xia’s existence stillrequires further archaeological discovery.With no clear written records to match the Shang oracle bones or the Zhou bronze vessel writings,the Xia era remains poorly understood,although some people think that it lasted from 2lst century to 16th century BC.

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